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- Federal
Reserve Board (FED, FRB) - The Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States,
was founded by Congress in 1913 to provide the nation with a safer, more
flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. Today the Federal
Reserve's duties fall into four general areas: (1) conducting the nation's
monetary policy; (2) supervising and regulating banking institutions and
protecting the credit rights of consumers; (3) maintaining the stability
of the financial system; and (4) providing certain financial services to
the U.S. government, the public, financial institutions, and foreign
official institutions.
The Twelve Regional Reserve Banks
which, together with the Board of Governors in Washington, D.C.,
make up the Federal Reserve System.
- European
Central Bank (ECB) - The European Central Bank frames and
implements European monetary policy; it conducts foreign exchange
operations and ensures the smooth operation of payment systems. The European
Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks of the European Union
member states make up the Eurosystem, whose primary task is to maintain
price stability. The majority
of the bank's revenue is derived from investment earnings on its holdings
of foreign-reserve assets and on capital subscribed to and paid in by the
national central banks in amounts determined by the countries' share of
population and gross domestic product in the EU. The ECB is made up of
three parts -- governing council, executive board, and general council.
- Bank
Of Japan - The Bank of Japan's missions are to maintain price
stability and to ensure the stability of the financial system, thereby
laying the foundations for sound economic development. To fulfill these
two missions, the Bank conducts the following activities: 1. Issuance and
Management of Banknotes; 2. The Conduct of Monetary Policy; 3. Providing
Settlement Services and Ensuring the Stability of the Financial System; 4.
Treasury and Government Securities-Related Operations; 5. International
Activities; 6. Compilation of Data, Economic Analyses and Research
Activities.
- Bank
Of England - The Bank of England is the central bank of the United
Kingdom. Sometimes known as the 'Old Lady' of Threadneedle Street, the
Bank was founded in 1694, nationalised in 1946, and gained operational
independence in 1997. Standing at the centre of the UK's financial system,
the Bank is committed to promoting and maintaining a stable and efficient
monetary and financial framework as its contribution to a healthy economy.
- Swiss
National Bank (SNB) - The
Swiss National Bank conducts the country's monetary policy as an
independent central bank. In conjunction with fiscal and competition
policy, this serves to create an appropriate environment for economic
growth. The National Bank is obliged by Constitution and statute to act in
accordance with the interests of the country as a whole. It considers
price stability to be a primary goal. Main responsibilities include: Price
stability; Promoting the efficiency of the payment system; Ensuring the
supply of money; Cashless payment transactions; Investment of currency
reserves; Stability of the financial system; Statistical task;and Tasks
on behalf of the Confederation.
- Bank of Canada (BOC)
- The Bank of Canada is Canada's central
bank .The Bank of Canada's responsibilities focus on the goals
of low and stable inflation, a safe and secure,
financial stability, and the efficient management of
government funds and public debt. The Bank of
Canada promotes the economic and financial welfare of Canada, by
conducting monetary policy in a way that fosters confidence in the value
of money; supplying quality bank notes that are readily accepted and
secure against counterfeiting; promoting the safety and efficiency of
Canada's financial system; providing efficient and effective
funds-management services; communicating its objectives openly and
effectively and standing accountable for its actions.
- Reserve
Bank of Australia (RBA)
- The Reserve Bank of Australia's (RBA) main function is
monetary policy. Policy decisions are made by the Board, with
the objective of achieving low and stable inflation over the
medium term. Other major roles are maintaining financial
system stability and promoting the safety and efficiency of
the payments system. The Bank is an active participant in
financial markets, manages Australia's foreign reserves,
issues Australian currency notes and serves as banker to the
Commonwealth Government. The information provided by the
Reserve Bank includes statistics - for example, on interest
rates, exchange rates and money and credit growth - and a
range of publications on its operations and research.
- Reserve
Bank of New Zealand - The Reserve
Bank of New Zealand is New Zealand's central bank and has three main
functions. These are: operating monetary policy to maintain price
stability; promoting the maintenance of a sound and efficient financial
system; and meeting the currency
needs of the public.
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